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Overview of the quality standard research of traditional Chinese medicine

Huimin Gao, Zhimin Wang, Yujuan Li, Zhongzhi Qian

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 195-202 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0134-x

摘要： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time in China. Due to its proven efficacy, wide applications, and low side effect, TCM has increasingly attracted worldwide attention. However, one of the biggest challenges facing the clinical practice of TCM is the uncontrollable quality. In this review, the progress of the development and the current status of quality standard as well as new quality control techniques introduced in (2010 edition), such as liquid chromatography hyphenated mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fingerprint, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS), thin layer chromatography bio-autographic assay (TLC-BAA), and DNA molecular marker technique, are briefly overviewed.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine quality standard quality control quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker

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A Standard for the Commissioning Process

William L. Gillis,Elizabeth A. Cudney

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 39-51 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015006

摘要： The demand for commissioning services for new-building construction projects is experiencing rapid growth. Commissioning (Cx) is touted as being a quality-focused process for ensuring the owner’s project requirements (OPR) are met by design, final construction, and the operations of a building. To an owner this is just what is needed to receive a perfect building at occupancy. However, as many owners have realized, the Cx process does not guarantee the completed building will be what was expected. It should be pointed out that this is typically not caused by the Cx process, but the Cx process should or could have identified, in the early phases of the project, many of the issues that made it through to the completed building. There are a number of reasons why the Cx services received may not be optimal. Often it is poor communication and the transfer of knowledge between project teams. Cx should and can facilitate both communication and the transfer of knowledge from phase to phase. An adaptation of the quality function deployment (QFD) four-phase model can accomplish this by filling the gaps among the major Cx activities and provide a standard approach to the process. The four-phase model effectively links each of the Cx activities to each other and back to the OPR, providing a method for improved communication and knowledge transfer. This paper investigates some potential reasons for inconsistent Cx services, presents an argument for the need of a Cx standard, and proposes a potential standard.

关键词： construction engineering management quality commissioning

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“一带一路”沿线国家环境空气质量标准比较研究

李林子,傅泽强,贺克斌,谭玉菲,封强,吴佳

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第4期页码 82-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.04.014

摘要：

我国企业要抓住“一带一路”倡议机遇“走出去”，需要全面了解沿线国家和地区的环境标准。本文搜集整理了“一带一路”沿线国家的环境空气质量标准，分别从标准设置、污染物项目和限值水平、地区差异等方面进行分析、比较和讨论，发现虽然“一带一路”沿线大多数国家都制定了环境空气质量标准，但是在污染物项目设置、平均时间、浓度限值方面却差异很大；蒙俄、中东欧大多数国家标准较为严格，中亚、东南亚国家相对宽松，南亚和西亚、中东地区宽严程度差异较大。对于不同的环境标准要求和经济发展水平，有针对性地提出了环境标准合作、中国环境标准和产业输出的策略建议。关键词：环境标准；“一带一路”；空气质量标准；标准合作

关键词：环境标准 “一带一路” 空气质量标准标准合作

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An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 288-298 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0738-x

摘要： As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated (GB3095-2012), which set a stricter grade II PM standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated on human health in China. The key results are: 1) The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, accounting for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2) the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3) the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PM improves. If the annual concentration of PM were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.

关键词： air quality health benefit Ambient Air Quality Standard PM₁₀ China

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辽河流域水环境沉积物质量风险评估

秦延文,韩超南,郑丙辉,张雷,曹伟

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 19-25

摘要：

采集辽河流域浑河、太子河干流及大伙房水库共56个站点的表层沉积物样品，根据相平衡分配法的修正模型建立辽河流域沉积物重金属质量基准（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的SQC（基于CCC）分别为75.26 μg/g、25.72 μg/g、255.96 μg/g、2.52 μg/g），依据重金属急、慢性生物毒性风险确定辽河流域沉积物重金属质量三级标准，并创建沉积物质量风险评估方法——沉积物污染指数法（SPI），对辽河流域水环境进行沉积物质量风险评估，评估结果显示：浑河干流中下游、太子河中上游及大伙房水库库中、库尾处的沉积物质量状况为中风险，此沉积物重金属污染状况使长期生活在其中的底栖生物受到轻微重金属慢性毒性影响，其中浑河中游红透山铜矿处和细河上游沈阳工业区的沉积物质量风险极高。

关键词：沉积物质量风险评估沉积物质量基准沉积物质量标准沉积物污染指数法重金属

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清洁燃料生产技术的新进展

李大东,蒋福康

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 6-14

摘要：

概述了我国汽、柴油生产特点及质量现状和差距，指明了当今汽、柴油质量发展趋势和清洁燃料生产技术开发应用的原则，简要介绍了我国清洁汽、柴油生产技术的新进展。

关键词：清洁燃料质量标准汽油柴油生产技术进展

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Research on the ecological compensation standard of the basin pollution control project based on evolutionary

Dongbin HU, Huiwu LIU, Xiaohong CHEN, Yang CHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 575-583 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0044-1

摘要： Ecological compensation is a new resource and environment management model. As one of the main areas for implementing ecological compensation policies, basin ecological compensation has become an important measure for encouraging basin pollution control projects and improving the quality of regional economic development. By applying the basic game analysis of evolutionary game theory and building an evolutionary game model with a “reward–punishment” mechanism, this paper compares the interest-related decision-making behaviors of the upstream and downstream stakeholders of basin ecological compensation. By using data on the water quality of Xiangjiang River Basin, this paper calculates the rewards and penalties in different intervals by building a parametric regression mathematical model and employing the local linear regression method. Results show that a decline in water quality should be fined RMB 925500 yuan, an improvement in water quality should be awarded RMB 1227800 yuan, and a deteriorating water quality should be severely fined RMB 5087600 yuan.

关键词： evolutionary game ecological compensation standard Xiangjiang River Basin

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Standard model of knowledge representation

Wensheng YIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第3期页码 275-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0372-3

摘要：

Knowledge representation is the core of artificial intelligence research. Knowledge representation methods include predicate logic, semantic network, computer programming language, database, mathematical model, graphics language, natural language, etc. To establish the intrinsic link between various knowledge representation methods, a unified knowledge representation model is necessary. According to ontology, system theory, and control theory, a standard model of knowledge representation that reflects the change of the objective world is proposed. The model is composed of input, processing, and output. This knowledge representation method is not a contradiction to the traditional knowledge representation method. It can express knowledge in terms of multivariate and multidimensional. It can also express process knowledge, and at the same time, it has a strong ability to solve problems. In addition, the standard model of knowledge representation provides a way to solve problems of non-precision and inconsistent knowledge.

关键词： knowledge representation standard model ontology system theory control theory multidimensional representation

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Quantitative standard of eco-compensation for the water source area in the middle route of the South-to-North

Zhanfeng DONG, Jinnan WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 459-473 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0288-9

摘要： The Middle Route Project(MRP) of the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China will require a very large financial expenditure to ensure the water supply and the associated water quality to northern China. An eco-compensation mechanism between the water service source areas and its beneficiaries is essential. This paper establishes an analytic framework of eco-compensation standard for the protection of the water source area, including both the calculation of eco-compensation based on opportunity cost method (OCM) and calculation of the burden sharing of eco-compensation between the water source area and the external water reception area based on the deviation square method (DSM). Taking Shiyan City, Hubei Province in China as a case study, our results show that the eco-compensation in the first-phase of MRP for the water source area in Shiyan, Hubei Province should be 1.63×10 CNY, about four times of planned eco-construction investment budget(4.33×10 CNY). In addition, the burden sharing of eco-compensation varied greatly in terms of different methods. It would be better to integrate the results of different single-factor burden sharing methods by determining the corresponding weighting coefficient with DSM and form one unanimous consent result by the interested parties.

关键词： the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme eco-compensation standard opportunity costs deviation square method

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Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 579-589 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0557-z

摘要： This paper establishes an irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio ( ) and Miller cycle ratio ( ) on the power output ( ), thermal efficiency ( ) and ecological function ( ), obtain the optimal and optimal , and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the , and of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of , and are derived. The relationships among , , and compression ratio ( ) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of and on , , , maximum power output ( ), maximum efficiency ( ) and maximum ecological function ( ) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of , and as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twice-maximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological function, respectively. Moreover, when choosing as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 2.7% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 1.3% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective.

关键词： finite-time thermodynamics Dual-Miller cycle power output thermal efficiency ecological function

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High-precision standard enthalpy of formation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons predicting from general

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期页码 1743-1750 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2184-9

摘要： The standard enthalpy of formation is an important predictor of the reaction heat of a chemical reaction. In this work, a high-precision method was developed to calculate accurate standard enthalpies of formation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the general connectivity based hierarchy (CBH) with the discrete correction of atomization energy. Through a comparison with available experimental findings and other high-precision computational results, it was found that the present method can give a good description of enthalpy of formation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Since CBH schemes can broaden the scope of application, this method can be used to investigate the energetic properties of larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to achieve a high-precision calculation at the CCSD(T)/CBS level. In addition, the energetic properties of CBH fragments can be accurately calculated and integrated into a database for future use, which will increase computational efficiency. We hope this work can give new insights into the energetic properties of larger systems.

关键词： standard enthalpy of formation polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons connectivity based hierarchy high-precision calculation

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Punching of reinforced concrete slab without shear reinforcement: Standard models and new proposal

Luisa PANI, Flavio STOCHINO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 1196-1214 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0662-z

摘要： Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs are characterized by reduced construction time, versatility, and easier space partitioning. Their structural behavior is not straightforward and, specifically, punching shear strength is a current research topic. In this study an experimental database of 113 RC slabs without shear reinforcement under punching loads was compiled using data available in the literature. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters involved in the punching shear strength assessment was conducted, which highlighted the importance of the flexural reinforcement that are not typically considered for punching shear strength. After a discussion of the current international standards, a new proposed model for punching shear strength and rotation of RC slabs without shear reinforcement was discussed. It was based on a simplified load-rotation curve and new failure criteria that takes into account the flexural reinforcement effects. This experimental database was used to validate the approaches of the current international standards as well as the new proposed model. The latter proved to be a potentially useful design tool.

关键词： punching shear strength reinforced concrete slabs reinforcement ratio

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From total quality management to Quality 4.0: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 191-205 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0243-z

摘要： Quality 4.0 is an emerging concept that has been increasingly appreciated because of the intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements and technological evolution. It deals with aligning quality management practices with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time, and efficiency and increase product quality. This article aims to comprehensively review extant studies related to Quality 4.0 to uncover current research trends, distil key research topics, and identify areas for future research. Thus, 46 journal articles extracted from the Scopus database from 2017 to 2022 were collected and reviewed. A descriptive analysis was first performed according to the year-wise publication, sources of publication, and research methods. Then, the selected articles were analyzed and classified according to four research themes: Quality 4.0 concept, Quality 4.0 implementation, quality management in Quality 4.0, and Quality 4.0 model and application. By extracting the literature review findings, we identify the Quality 4.0 definitions and features, develop the quality curve theory, and highlight future research opportunities. This study supports practitioners, managers, and academicians in effectively recognizing and applying Quality 4.0 to enhance customer satisfaction, achieve innovation enterprise efficiency, and increase organizational competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0.

关键词： quality management Quality 4.0 Industry 4.0 literature review predictive quality

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大庆油田A区块油气水层解释标准研究

徐通

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 83-87

摘要：

利用A区块部分探井、评价井及开发井的试油、取心及测井资料，分析统计储层岩性、物性、含油性及电性这“四性”之间的关系，建立油气水层的电性解释标准。主要是利用旋转式井壁取心及钻井取心资料，分析统计储层的岩性、物性特征；利用取心井及试油井资料分析统计储层的油水层发育状况。利用图表法，得出岩性、物性及含油性之间的相关性。并把油气水层对应于不同的测井曲线值上，优选出符合率最高的曲线组合作为最终的解释标准，指导区块射孔方案的编制。

关键词： “四性” 取心试油测井解释标准

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Research and establishment of enterprise quality metadata standard

SONG Han, LI Jie, ZHANG Genbao

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0019-0

摘要： Enabling quality managers to utilize and manage quality data efficiently under modern quality management circumstances is a primary issue for improving enterprise quality management. A concept of quality metadata is proposed in this paper, which can help quality managers gain a deeper understanding of various features of quality data and establish a more stable foundation for further use and management of such data. The procedure of establishing quality metadata standards is emphasized in the paper, and the content structure and description scheme are given. Finally, a summary is made and future work is prospected.

关键词： enterprise quality foundation description quality management primary